feat: add image enhancer to handle Low Dynamic Range (LDR) and Local Contrast Imbalance

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Andy Yang 2026-03-03 10:31:03 +08:00
parent 32d8f2e5fb
commit 8a37ad4428

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package com.zhangy.skyeye.sar.image.enhancer;
import org.opencv.core.*;
import org.opencv.imgcodecs.Imgcodecs;
import org.opencv.imgproc.Imgproc;
import org.opencv.imgproc.CLAHE;
import org.opencv.photo.Photo;
import org.opencv.photo.TonemapReinhard;
import java.nio.ShortBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
/**
* ImageEnhancer.java
* ==================
* 两步组合图像亮度增强脚本自适应参数 + 多格式兼容 Java
*
* 支持的输入格式
* - JPG : 8 bit BGR直接兼容
* - PNG : 8/16 bitRGB/RGBA自动处理透明通道与位深
* - TIF : 8/16/32 bit灰度/彩色/含透明通道自动处理所有组合
*
* 增强步骤
* 1. Reinhard 局部色调映射 压缩动态范围统一全局亮度
* 2. CLAHE 局部对比度增强 LAB 空间对 L 通道进行局部直方图均衡化
*
* 所有关键参数均根据输入图像的统计特征自动计算无需手动调参
*
* 依赖
* - OpenCV for Java (e.g., opencv-4.x.x.jar)
*
* 编译与运行
* 1. 确保 opencv-4.x.x.jar classpath
* 2. 确保 OpenCV native library (e.g., opencv_java4xx.dll/so) java.library.path
* javac -cp .:/path/to/opencv-4.x.x.jar ImageEnhancer.java
* java -cp .:/path/to/opencv-4.x.x.jar -Djava.library.path=/path/to/native/libs ImageEnhancer <input_path> [output_dir]
*/
public class ImageEnhancer {
static {
try {
System.loadLibrary(Core.NATIVE_LIBRARY_NAME);
} catch (UnsatisfiedLinkError e) {
System.err.println("Native code library failed to load.\n" + e);
System.exit(1);
}
}
/**
* 存放自适应计算出的参数
*/
public static class AdaptiveParams {
double gamma, intensity, lightAdapt, colorAdapt = 0.0, clipLimit;
Size tileGrid;
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format(
" gamma = %.3f%n" +
" intensity = %.3f%n" +
" light_adapt = %.3f%n" +
" clip_limit = %.3f%n" +
" tile_grid = %s",
gamma, intensity, lightAdapt, clipLimit, tileGrid
);
}
}
/**
* 存放归一化结果和日志
*/
public static class NormalizedImage {
Mat image;
String log;
}
/**
* uint16 图像做百分位截断线性拉伸后转为 uint8
*/
private static Mat uint16ToUint8Stretch(Mat imgU16, double lowPct, double highPct) {
// 将所有通道像素合并后统一计算 lo/hi避免各通道独立拉伸导致色偏
int totalPixels = (int) (imgU16.total() * imgU16.channels());
short[] pixels = new short[totalPixels];
imgU16.get(0, 0, pixels);
// 转换为 int 以避免排序时的符号问题
int[] pixelsInt = new int[totalPixels];
for (int i = 0; i < totalPixels; i++) {
pixelsInt[i] = pixels[i] & 0xFFFF;
}
Arrays.sort(pixelsInt);
// 使用全局统一的 lo/hi所有通道共用保持色彩比例
double lo = pixelsInt[(int) (totalPixels * lowPct / 100.0)];
double hi = pixelsInt[(int) (totalPixels * highPct / 100.0)];
// 使用 convertTo(alpha, beta) 做线性变换dst = src * alpha + beta
// 等价于 (src - lo) * 255/(hi-lo) = src * (255/(hi-lo)) + (-lo * 255/(hi-lo))
double alpha = 255.0 / (hi - lo + 1e-6);
double beta = -lo * alpha;
Mat result = new Mat();
// convertTo 对所有通道均匀应用相同的 alpha/beta不存在 Scalar 多通道问题
imgU16.convertTo(result, CvType.CV_8U, alpha, beta);
return result;
}
/**
* 将任意常见格式的图像统一转换为 BGR uint8
*/
public static NormalizedImage normalizeToBgrUint8(Mat img) {
NormalizedImage result = new NormalizedImage();
StringBuilder log = new StringBuilder();
log.append(String.format("原始格式dtype=%s, shape=(%d, %d, %d)%n",
CvType.typeToString(img.type()), img.rows(), img.cols(), img.channels()));
Mat currentImg = img.clone();
List<String> steps = new ArrayList<>();
// 1. 位深归一化
if (img.depth() == CvType.CV_16U) {
currentImg = uint16ToUint8Stretch(img, 2.0, 98.0);
steps.add("uint16 → uint8 (百分位拉伸 2%~98%)");
} else if (img.depth() == CvType.CV_32F || img.depth() == CvType.CV_64F) {
img.convertTo(currentImg, CvType.CV_8U, 255.0);
steps.add(CvType.typeToString(img.type()) + " → uint8 (×255 缩放)");
}
// 2. 通道数归一化
if (currentImg.channels() == 1) {
Imgproc.cvtColor(currentImg, currentImg, Imgproc.COLOR_GRAY2BGR);
steps.add("灰度(1ch) → BGR(3ch)");
} else if (currentImg.channels() == 4) {
Imgproc.cvtColor(currentImg, currentImg, Imgproc.COLOR_BGRA2BGR);
steps.add("BGRA(4ch) → BGR(3ch, 丢弃 Alpha)");
}
log.append(" 转换步骤:").append(steps.isEmpty() ? "无需转换 (已是 BGR uint8)" : String.join(" | ", steps)).append("\n");
log.append(String.format(" 归一化后dtype=%s, shape=(%d, %d, %d)",
CvType.typeToString(currentImg.type()), currentImg.rows(), currentImg.cols(), currentImg.channels()));
result.image = currentImg;
result.log = log.toString();
return result;
}
/**
* 根据输入图像的统计特征自适应计算增强参数
*/
public static AdaptiveParams computeAdaptiveParams(Mat imgBgr) {
Mat gray = new Mat();
Imgproc.cvtColor(imgBgr, gray, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
Mat grayF = new Mat();
gray.convertTo(grayF, CvType.CV_32F);
int H = gray.rows(), W = gray.cols(), totalPixels = H * W;
AdaptiveParams params = new AdaptiveParams();
// Reinhard gamma 语义说明
// OpenCV Reinhard gamma 越大 输出越亮与传统 gamma 校正语义相反
// 由实验扫描拟合la=0.8, intensity=0mean_out 79.2 × gamma
// target_mean 根据图像均值自适应图越暗 目标越高最大提亮到 128
// 1. 图像均值 gamma
double meanVal = Core.mean(grayF).val[0];
double meanNorm = meanVal / 255.0;
double targetMean = Math.min(128.0, 128.0 * Math.pow(1.0 - meanNorm, 0.3));
params.gamma = Math.max(0.8, Math.min(3.0, targetMean / 79.2));
// 2. intensity 固定为 0亮度控制完全由 gamma 承担
// 避免 intensity gamma 叠加导致方向混乱
params.intensity = 0.0;
// 3. 全局标准差 light_adapt
// std 越小对比度越低 越需要局部自适应 light_adapt 越大
// 上限 0.91.0 会产生 NaN下限 0.5
MatOfDouble mean = new MatOfDouble(), stddev = new MatOfDouble();
Core.meanStdDev(grayF, mean, stddev);
double stdGlobal = stddev.get(0, 0)[0] / 255.0;
params.lightAdapt = Math.max(0.5, Math.min(0.9, 0.9 - stdGlobal));
// 4. 局部标准差均值 clipLimit
int tile = 8;
List<Double> localStds = new ArrayList<>();
for (int y = 0; y < H - tile; y += tile) {
for (int x = 0; x < W - tile; x += tile) {
Mat patch = new Mat(grayF, new Rect(x, y, tile, tile));
Core.meanStdDev(patch, mean, stddev);
localStds.add(stddev.get(0, 0)[0]);
}
}
double meanLocalStd = localStds.stream().mapToDouble(d -> d).average().orElse(20.0);
double clipLimit = 2.0 * (30.0 / (meanLocalStd + 1e-6));
params.clipLimit = Math.max(1.0, Math.min(6.0, clipLimit));
// 5. 图像短边分辨率 tileGridSize
int tileSize = Math.max(8, Math.min(H, W) / 16);
params.tileGrid = new Size(tileSize, tileSize);
gray.release(); grayF.release(); mean.release(); stddev.release();
return params;
}
/**
* 第一步Reinhard 局部色调映射
*/
public static Mat step1Reinhard(Mat imgBgr, AdaptiveParams params) {
Mat imgF32 = new Mat();
imgBgr.convertTo(imgF32, CvType.CV_32FC3, 1.0 / 255.0);
TonemapReinhard tonemap = Photo.createTonemapReinhard(
(float) params.gamma, (float) params.intensity, (float) params.lightAdapt, (float) params.colorAdapt);
Mat mapped = new Mat();
tonemap.process(imgF32, mapped);
// NaN/Inf 替换为 0再裁剪到合法范围
Core.patchNaNs(mapped, 0.0);
Mat result = new Mat();
mapped.convertTo(result, CvType.CV_8UC3, 255.0);
imgF32.release(); mapped.release();
return result;
}
/**
* 第二步CLAHE 局部对比度增强
*/
public static Mat step2Clahe(Mat imgBgr, AdaptiveParams params) {
Mat lab = new Mat();
Imgproc.cvtColor(imgBgr, lab, Imgproc.COLOR_BGR2Lab);
List<Mat> labPlanes = new ArrayList<>(3);
Core.split(lab, labPlanes);
CLAHE clahe = Imgproc.createCLAHE(params.clipLimit, params.tileGrid);
Mat lEnhanced = new Mat();
clahe.apply(labPlanes.get(0), lEnhanced);
labPlanes.set(0, lEnhanced);
Mat resultLab = new Mat();
Core.merge(labPlanes, resultLab);
Mat result = new Mat();
Imgproc.cvtColor(resultLab, result, Imgproc.COLOR_Lab2BGR);
lab.release(); lEnhanced.release(); resultLab.release();
for(Mat p : labPlanes) p.release();
return result;
}
/**
* 主流程对输入图像执行两步增强并保存结果
*/
public static void enhance(String inputPath, String outputDir) {
Mat imgRaw = Imgcodecs.imread(inputPath, Imgcodecs.IMREAD_UNCHANGED);
if (imgRaw.empty()) {
System.err.println("无法读取图像: " + inputPath);
return;
}
String baseName = inputPath.substring(
inputPath.lastIndexOf("/") >= 0 ? inputPath.lastIndexOf("/") + 1 : 0,
inputPath.lastIndexOf(".")
);
// 1. 格式归一化
System.out.println("── 格式归一化 ──────────────────────────────");
NormalizedImage normResult = normalizeToBgrUint8(imgRaw);
Mat imgBgr = normResult.image;
System.out.println(normResult.log);
// 2. 计算自适应参数
System.out.println("── 自适应参数 ──────────────────────────────");
AdaptiveParams params = computeAdaptiveParams(imgBgr);
System.out.println(params);
System.out.println("────────────────────────────────────────────");
// 3. 第一步Reinhard 色调映射
Mat resultStep1 = step1Reinhard(imgBgr, params);
String pathStep1 = outputDir + "/" + baseName + "_step1_tonemap.png";
Imgcodecs.imwrite(pathStep1, resultStep1);
System.out.println("第一步结果已保存: " + pathStep1);
// 4. 第二步CLAHE 局部增强
Mat resultStep2 = step2Clahe(resultStep1, params);
String pathStep2 = outputDir + "/" + baseName + "_step2_clahe.png";
Imgcodecs.imwrite(pathStep2, resultStep2);
System.out.println("第二步结果已保存: " + pathStep2);
imgRaw.release(); imgBgr.release(); resultStep1.release(); resultStep2.release();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
if (args.length < 1) {
System.out.println("用法: java ImageEnhancer <input_path> [output_dir]");
String inputPath = "/home/ubuntu/upload/pasted_file_a5uhAu_8986130c06b1e8661387e859b5d2ac93.png";
String outputDir = "/home/ubuntu";
System.out.println("\n使用默认路径进行处理:");
enhance(inputPath, outputDir);
return;
}
String inputPath = args[0];
String outputDir = (args.length > 1) ? args[1] : new java.io.File(inputPath).getParent();
if (outputDir == null) outputDir = ".";
new java.io.File(outputDir).mkdirs();
enhance(inputPath, outputDir);
}
}